工件切割的结果可能是切缝干净，也可能相反，切缝底部挂渣或切缝上带有烧痕，其中很大的一部分是由材料引起的。影响切割质量的因素有：合金成分、材料显微结��、表面质量、表面处理、反射率、热导率、熔点及沸点。
The result of the cutting of the workpiece may be that the slit is clean and, on the contrary, the slag or the slit at the bottom of the slit has a burn mark, and a large part of it is caused by the material. The factors affecting cutting quality include alloy composition, microstructure, surface quality, surface treatment, reflectivity, thermal conductivity, melting point and boiling point.
另一方面，合金成分含量高，使液态金属的粘度增加，使飞溅和挂渣的比率提高，加工时对激光功率、气吹压力的调节都提出了更高的要求。镀层和涂漆加强的光的反射，使熔融因难；同时，也增加了熔渣的产生。
On the other hand, the high content of the alloy makes the viscosity of the liquid metal increase, and increases the ratio of splash and slag. The higher requirements for the laser power and the adjustment of the gas pressure are put forward in the processing. The reflection of light strengthened by the coating and the paint makes it difficult to melt, and at the same time increases the production of molten slag.
因此，越是晶粒细小、表面粗糙、无锈蚀、导热率低的材料越容易加工，而含碳量高、表面有镀层或涂漆、反光率高的材料较难切割。含碳量高的金属多属于熔点比较高的金属，由于难以熔化，增加了切穿的时间。一方面，它使得割缝加宽，表面热影响区扩大，造成切割质量的不稳定；
Therefore, the more the materials with fine grain, rough surface, no rust and low thermal conductivity are easier to process, and the material with high carbon content, surface coating or coating and high reflective rate is difficult to cut. The metals with high carbon content belong to metals with high melting point. On the one hand, it widens the slit and expands the surface heat affected zone, resulting in instability of cutting quality.
前面分析了激光切割最主要的几个技术参数，它们决定了切割工艺的主要方面，但并不是只要把握了这就一定能加工出高质量的产品，还有几个问题是特别需 要引起注意的。
The main technical parameters of laser cutting are analyzed in front of them. They determine the main aspects of the cutting process, but it is not necessary to grasp the quality of the products. There are several problems that need to be paid attention to.
如有可能，避免加工没有圆弧的角。带圆弧的角有下列好处：ａ）轴运动的动态性能好；ｂ）热影响区小；c）产生的毛刺少。对于不带圆角的边角，可以设定的最大半径是切缝宽度的一半。
If possible, avoid machining corners without arc. The arc angle has the following advantages: a) the dynamic performance of shaft movement is good; b) the heat affected zone is small; c) produces fewer burrs. For corners without fillet, the maximum radius that can be set is half of the width of the cut.
激光切割的速度最大可达200—300mm/s，实际加工时往往只有最大速的 1/3 —1/2，因为速度越高，伺服机构的动态精度就越低，直接影响切割质量。有实验表明，切割圆孔时，切速越高，孔径越小，加工的孔圆度就越差。只有在长边直线切割时才可以使用最大速切割以提高效率。
The maximum speed of laser cutting can reach 200 - 300mm/s. In actual processing, the maximum speed is only 1/3 - 1/2, because the higher the speed, the lower the dynamic precision of the servo mechanism, which directly affects the cutting quality. Experiments show that when the circular hole is cut, the higher the cutting speed and the smaller the aperture, the worse the hole will be. Maximum speed cutting can be used only for long straight line cutting to improve efficiency.
在切割操作中，为了使割缝衔接良好，防止始端和终点烧伤，常常在切割开始和结束处各引一段过渡线，分别称作引线和尾线。引线和尾线对工件本身是没有用的, 因此要安排在工件范围之外，同时注意不能将引线设置在尖角等不易散热处。引线与割缝的连接尽量采用圆弧过渡，使机器运动平稳并避免转角停顿造成烧伤。
In the cutting operation, in order to make the slotting join well and prevent the burn at the beginning and end, a transition line is often introduced at the beginning and end of the cutting, called the lead and the tail. The lead and tail lines are useless to the workpiece itself, so it should be arranged outside the scope of the workpieces, and at the same time, it is not easy to place the lead wires at sharp corners and so on. The connection between the lead and the slotting is as circular as possible, so that the movement of the machine is stable and the burn of the corner is stopped.
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